Lesões cerebrais destrutivas unilaterais ocorridas em fase precoce do desenvolvimento podem resultar em espessamento compensatório da calota craniana ipsilateral. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a freqüência destas alterações ósseas em pacientes com epilepsia e lesões destrutivas precoces e avaliar se há associação entre estas alterações e lateralização de descargas epileptiformes. Foram analisados EEGs interictais / ictais e espessura do crânio pela RM de 51 pacientes. Os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos de acordo com a distribuição topográfica da lesão à RM: hemisférico (H) (n=9); território arterial (AT) (n=25); fronteira arterial (Bdz) (n=17). A atividade de base no EEG foi anormal em 26 pacientes e foi mais freqüente entre os pacientes do grupo H (p=0,044). Espessamento unilateral da calota craniana foi mais freqüente entre os pacientes do grupo H (p=0,004). Cinco pacientes (9,8%) apresentaram discordância lateralizatória entre as descargas epileptiformes e lesão estrutural (quatro deles com atividade de base anormal, e apenas dois deles com espessamento da calota craniana). Em um destes pacientes, o SPECT ictal revelou forte evidência de falsa lateralização pelo EEG. Os achados sugerem que o espessamento compensatório da calota craniana é mais freqüente entre pacientes com lesões unilaterais e extensas. No entanto, a lateralização de descargas epileptiformes parece estar mais relacionada ao grau de alteração da atividade de base e extensão da lesão cerebral do que às alterações ósseas.

Unilateral destructive brain lesions of early development can result in compensatory thickening of the ipsilateral cranial vault. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of these bone changes among patients with epilepsy and precocious destructive lesions, and whether a relationship exists between these changes and epileptiform discharges lateralization. Fifty-one patients had their ictal / interictal scalp EEG and skull thickness symmetry on MRI analyzed. Patients were divided into three main groups according to the topographic distribution of the lesion on the MRI: hemispheric (H) (n=9); main arterial territory (AT) (n=25); arterial borderzone (Bdz) (n=17). The EEG background activity was abnormal in 26 patients and were more frequent among patients of group H (p= 0.044). Thickening of the skull was more frequent among patients of group H (p= 0.004). Five patients (9.8%) showed discordant lateralization between epileptiform discharges and structural lesion (four of them with an abnormal background, and only two of them with skull changes). In one of these patients, ictal SPECT provided strong evidence for scalp EEG false lateralization. The findings suggest that compensatory skull thickening in patients with precocious destructive brain insults are more frequent among patients with unilateral and large lesions. However, EEG lateralization discordance among these patients seems to be more related to EEG background abnormalities and extent of cerebral damage than to skull changes.

PURPOSE: Renal scintigraphy has been used for many years in the evaluation of renal transplants and can help in the diagnosis of graft complications, leading to prompt clinical management and preventing further deterioration of renal function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the overall accuracy of renal scintigraphy with 99mTc-DTPA in the diagnosis of acute renal graft complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-six scintigraphic studies performed in 55 patients (ages ranging from 6 to 65 years), were reviewed. Scintigraphy results were compared to biopsies performed within 5 days of imaging. 99mTc-DTPA study was performed within a mean time of 19 days after kidney transplants. Dynamic images were performed in the anterior position of the abdomen and pelvis every 2 seconds for 80 seconds (flow phase) and every 15 seconds for 30 minutes (functional phase), after an intravenous injection of 370 MBq (10 mCi) of 99mTc-DTPA. RESULTS: The scintigraphic results were concordant with the biopsies in 86% of the cases studied. The sensitivities of renal scintigraphy for detection of acute tubular necrosis (ATN), acute rejection (AR) and cortical necrosis (CN) were 98%, 87% and 100%, respectively. Specificities and accuracies for detection of ATN, AR and CN were 89%, 86% and 100%, and 95%, 87% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Renal scintigraphy with 99mTc-DTPA showed a good overall accuracy in the detection of acute renal graft complications. It can be used as a reliable tool in the routine evaluation of these patients

Os resultados dos estudos clínico e neurológico de três recém-nascidos com diagnóstico de doença cerebrovascular são apresentados. A avaliação neuropsicológica demonstrou alterações na motricidade fina, coordenação, linguagem, percepção e comportamento. O SPECT cerebral mostrou alterações perfusionais nos três recém nascidos.

The clinical and neurological findings of three neonates with the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease are reported. The neuropsychological evaluation disclosed impairment of fine motor function, coordination, language, perception and behavioral disturbances. Brain SPECT imaging revealed perfusional deficits in the three cases.